Summary: In 2010, the Australian Government announced a proposed overhaul of the taxation regime governing its large mining sector. The announcement came at a time when Australia’s mining industry was booming but concerns were also growing about how to distribute the gains of the mining boom between mining companies and the Australian people, and how to harness the success in the mining sector to promote long term sustainable economic growth across Australia. It was partly to address these concerns, as well as to improve the efficiency of the way in which mining was taxed, that the tax reform proposal was developed. At the heart of the proposal was a shift from a volume based royalty system of taxation to a system based on mining companies’ profits. The mining sector in Australia viewed the tax reform proposal negatively and anticipated that it would hurt profits and performance in the short and medium term. Focusing on Xstrata, the largest foreign mining company operating in Australia, the case charts how the mining industry acted collectively to conduct a wide-ranging and aggressive public and private lobbying campaign against the tax. Central to this campaign was the use of traditional and new media - newspapers, radio, television, Internet, and social networking sites - to try and turn public opinion against the tax.